Respiratory Figures

From Hickman figure 8.24 - The frog is a positive pressure breather. In A) the lowering of the floor of the mouth causes air to enter the nostrils. In B) the nostrils close, the floor of the mouth rises and this forces the glottis open and the air into the lungs. In C) the mouth cavity ventillates rhythmically. In D) the lungs empty by contraction of the body walls in addition to the elastic nature of the lungs.

From Hickman figure 8.26 - Shows the differences in the oxygen and carbon dioxide composition within the blood at various locations.

From Levitsky figure 1-5 - A demonstration of the respiratory pathway with each components size and characteristics.

From Levitsky figure 3-1 - The 4 lung volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and their respective capacities (TLC, IC, FRC, and VC).

From Levitsky figure 3-4 - Demonstrates how a spirometer works and the determination of the different lung volumes and capacities from it.

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