
Source: adapted from C. Russell (2008) Presentation at "Closing the
Gap: Financing the Region's Transportation Needs", New York University,
Rudin Center for Transportation Policy & Management.
Actors in Transport Finance
The transport finance sector involves two major groups:
- Providers. Concern the major actors that can be tapped
to finance transport infrastructure. Various levels of government
are the conventional source as well as private lenders (e.g. bond
issuers) that simply provide capital. Private investors, namely
terminal operators, are a relatively new source of financing commonly
taking direct involvement in the management of transport infrastructure
and equipment. All actors, particularly the private sector, expect
a form of return on their capital investments. For many financial
asset managers, transportation have become an asset class part of
a diversification strategy.
- Recipients. Investments in transport infrastructure,
once completed, eventually impact an array of recipients. The most
obvious concern the users of the infrastructure who contribute to
transport finance mainly for the usage fees (e.g. tolls) they provide.
There are also others that contribute or benefit indirectly. Beneficiaries
are actors that even if not using the infrastructure directly will
derive a benefit. For instance, a new terminal (or additional traffic
at an existing terminal) will benefit the regional economy with
additional employment, a larger taxation base and a greater demand
for a range of goods and services. The general public, particularly
if governments are involved in the financing, will contribute indirectly
through taxes.