Type III - Strong Center

Characterizes cities having a high land use density and high levels of accessibility to urban transit. There are thus limited needs for highways and parking space in the central area, where a set of high capacity public transit lines are servicing most of the mobility needs. The productivity of this urban area is thus mainly related to the efficiency of the public transport system. The convergence of radial roads and ring roads favors the location of secondary centers, where activities that could no longer able to afford a central location converge. This system characterizes cities having important commercial and financial functions and having grown in the 19th century, such as Paris, New York, Shanghai, Toronto, Sydney and Hamburg.