THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Source: adapted from A. Bertaud (2003) "Metropolitan Structures
Around the World". http://alain-bertaud.com
The above graph underlines clear differences in population density gradients from the city center among a sample of large world cities. For Asian and European cities, there is a steep gradient related to compact and relatively well delaminated urban areas while in North America the density gradient is much less pronounced. In several cases, population density increases at the fringe of the central business district, implying the that CBD is dominated by commercial and institutional functions that are not prone to residential uses. Others have higher densities at specific peripheral locations, underlining the presence of sub-centers.