Oil Exports for the Persian Gulf by Outlet, 2002

The only other significant outlet of the Persian Gulf after Hormuz is the pipeline to the Saudi Arabian port of Yanbu on the Red Sea, which can handle about 4.8 Mb/d. The Sumed pipeline, which roughly runs parallel to the Suez Canal is also indirectly an outlet of the Persian Gulf but would be dependent on the capacity to ship Middle Eastern oil (mainly Saudi) to the Red Sea either by pipeline (Yanbu) or through Bad el-Mandab. The other two pipelines are linking northern Iraq (Kirkuk region) to Syria or Turkey (port of Ceyhan on the Mediterranean) and do not offer any significant additional capacity.