THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Source: Shipping density data adapted from National Center for Ecological
Analysis and Synthesis, A Global Map of Human Impacts to Marine Ecosystems.
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Global trade and freight distribution requires real estate assets for operations such as transshipment and warehousing to take place. An inventory of more than 440 container terminals throughout the world's main ports reveal substantial real estate assets along coastal areas controlled by terminal operators, accounting for more than 23,180 hectares (232 square kilometers) in 244 ports. The last two decades has seen growing constraints over these assets to accommodate the setting of global production networks and the related logistical activities. Port terminal assets are difficult and capital intensive to expand (additional demand) or replace (new site). It is thus not surprising that the financial sector has played a growing role in the industry as a provider of capital and also by acquiring stakes in terminal operating companies.