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Maritime Enclaves

Every continent, except North America has maritime enclaves. Major enclaves include Bolivia, Switzerland, Austria, and Mongolia. Landlocked countries have transport costs which are on average 50% higher than countries that are not. The median landlocked country has less than 40% of the trade volume of the median coastal country.

Copyright © 1998-2008, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.