THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
| Field | Outcome |
| Travel time | Lower time and higher reliability |
| Trip planning | Easier to book and monitor |
| Environment | Less environmental impacts and noise |
| Energy | Lower energy consumption pet unit carried |
| Assets | Higher level of utilization of modes and infrastructure |
| Safety | Reduced number of accidents, fatalities and injuries |
| Accessibility | Improved accessibility; reduced friction of distance |
| Cross-border | Improved throughput and security |
| Infrastructure | Longer life cycle, improved maintenance and reliability |
| Materials | New and recycled materials |
| Intermodal | Improved connections between modes |
Source: adapted from International Transport Forum (2009) Stakeholder Consultation on Transport & Innovation, Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development.