Condition Factor Examples
Geography Distance, physiography, accessibility Shipping between France and England vs. shipping between France and the Netherlands
Type of product Packaging, weight, perishable Shipping coal
Shipping flowers or wine
Economies of scale Shipment size A 747 compared to 737 (passengers)
A ULCC compared to a VLCC (freight)
Trade imbalance Empty travel Trade between China and the United States
Infrastructure Capacity, limitations, operational conditions The Interstate
Mode Capacity, limitations, operational conditions A bus compared to a car
Competition and regulation Tariffs, restrictions, safety, ownership The European Union, The Jones Act

Conditions Affecting Transport Costs

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