Chapter 17: Biotechnology: Applied genetics
_Biotechnology
_The tools:
_cloning
_ sequencing
_ PCR
_ RFLPs
_ electrophoresis
_The products
_Transgenics
_ Human genome project
_ gene therapy
_ forensics
_Biotechnology
_The tools:
_cloning
_terminology:
_restriction enzymes
_ plasmid
_ bacteriophage
_ DNA ligase
_ clone
_ recombinant DNA
Some example applications: Recombinant DNA / Transgenics
_ Somatostatin, a neurotransmitter (1976)
_ insulin
_ human growth hormone
_ TPA, tissue plasminogen activator (dissolves clots)
_Next generation
_the farm animals themselves: bioreactors
Cloning_
_precise genetic copy of
_ molecular cloning usually means
Y_ cellular cloning
Y_nuclear transplantation cloning: DOLLY!
Dolly- ES cells and the debate: a brief introduction to their use in cloning
- Genetic manipulation of promoters can allow manipulation of gene expression (which genes turned on - when, where, how long.
- Use of reporter genes
Some successes . . .
_Transgenic fish
_monitors for environmental mutagens
_ growth hormone (rainbow trout)
_Transgenic cows & goats & sheep
_produce milk with desired protein
_ recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) to dissolve blood clots placed in goats (with mammary gland promoters - for milk proteins)
_ Sheep with human alpha-1-antitrypsin - 0.3 lb human protein per gallon!
_Biotechnology
_The tools:
_cloning
_ sequencing
_ PCR
_ electrophoresis
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- RFLPs
- electrophoresis
An example with DNA fingerprinting (forensics)
Applied genetics
_The products
_Transgenics
_ Human genome project
_3 billion base pairs, 100,000
_crude map (RFLPs)
_ sequence of entire genome
SEE THE WEB LINK TO NIH
_ gene therapy
- an example of gene therapy: the CF gene
_Biotechnology: A review of what we
=ve covered|
Tools |
Product examples |
|
Cloning |
Recombinant insulin, etc.; transgenic crops and animals |
|
Sequencing, electrophoresis, PCR |
Human genome project |
|
PCR, RFLPs, electrophoresis |
DNA fingerprinting, forensics |
|
Gene therapy |
Cystic fibrosis treatment |