Exam 1 Review Outline
Textbook: Ch. 1-3, answer review questions in the back of the chapters.
Internal structure of the Earth - composition and state of matter: inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, crust (oceanic and continental). What is a plate? What happens as plates move? Plate separation and plate collision.
Why does the Earth have a magnetic field? Why does the Earth have plate tectonics?
Internal Earth machine vs. External Earth machine. Power sources: nuclear fission vs. nuclear fusion.
Definition of a mineral, mineral properties. Silicate tetrahedron. Silicate mineral family - what are the different silicate structures? Other mineral families: oxides, sulfides (ore minerals), phosphates, carbonates, sulfides, halides. What are they useful for?
Three major types of rocks. Rock cycle. How does one kind of rock transform into the others? Uplift, subsidence, isostacy, weathering.
Igneous rocks: mineral composition depends on source of magma (three major sources). Texture related to rate and depth of crystallization. Igneous textures: phaneritic, porphyritic, aphanitic, volcanic (glassy, vesicular, pyroclastic). Plutonic, intrusive, extrusive igneous bodies: batholith, sill, dike, laccolith, volcanic neck.